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The new version of the "Social Blue Book" (hereinafter referred to as the "Blue Book") recently released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences focuses on the interpretation and analysis of the trend changes of the employment situation when analyzing and predicting the current social situation in China in 2018 and 2019. According to this, the reporter has an understanding of the employment trend of the textile industry.

The overall stability of the textile employment situation

The Blue Book pointed out that in 2018, my country's national economy was generally operating smoothly, and the national employment situation remained generally stable. At the same time, the employment structure continued to be optimized, and the number of employees in information transmission, software and information technology services, and cultural emerging industries ranked first year-on-year. Affected by external trade frictions, traditional labor-intensive industries such as toys, textiles and clothing, and leather products are under greater employment pressure.

The relevant person in charge of the China Textile Industry Federation said that the textile industry maintained a stable operating tone in 2018 and the overall employment situation was stable.

In terms of talent supply, the blue book shows that in the first three quarters of 2018, the total rural labor force for migrant workers reached 181.35 million, an increase of 1.66 million or 0.9 percent over the same period last year. In 2018, the number of fresh college graduates exceeded 8 million for the first time, reaching a high of 8.2 million.

In terms of talent demand, the overall employment situation across the country remained stable in 2018, and the scale of urban employment continued to expand. In the first three quarters, a total of 11.07 million new urban jobs were created. The employment situation of college graduates remained generally stable and stabilized. From the perspective of the whole year, in July 2018, due to the concentrated graduation of college graduates, the unemployment rate increased, but then decreased month by month. In September 2018, the unemployment rate of young people aged 20-24 and above decreased by 2.4 year-on-year. Percentage points.

Under the background of talent supply and demand, the total amount of labor resources in the textile industry has remained stable, while the employment rate of fresh graduates majoring in textile in colleges and universities has remained stable.

The relevant person in charge of the Admissions and Employment Office of Tianjin Polytechnic University said that the employment situation of fresh graduates in 2018 was the same as last year. The employment rate of textile engineering, non-woven materials and engineering, light chemical engineering and other majors reached 100 percent, and the employment rate of materials science and engineering, clothing design and engineering, clothing and apparel design and other majors reached more than 90%.

During the interview, the reporter learned that the employment rate of fresh graduates majoring in textiles in Wuhan Textile University, Xi'an Polytechnic University and other universities was the same as last year, and the employment rate of fresh graduates majoring in clothing in Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology was better than in previous years.

Structural adjustment gives rise to new demand for talents

The blue book points out that the basic characteristics of continuous pressure on total employment and prominent structural contradictions in employment will not change in the future. at the same time, it will also face the profound impact of profound adjustment of the population structure, uncertainty of the world economic pattern and external economic environment, new business type and new technological changes, and other factors on employment.

At present, the impact of population structure adjustment, new formats and new technological changes on employment has been shown in the textile industry. With the increasing labor costs, strengthening the development of textile digital and intelligent equipment has become one of the important goals of the reform of the textile industry.

Take Hengli Group as an example, the company is one of the earliest enterprises in the industry to explore intelligent manufacturing. The group has gradually changed the development mode of the enterprise from "demographic dividend" to "technological dividend" by means of "machine for labor", "dynamic for machinery", "complete set for single set" and "intelligent for digital. The Group's weaving sector has introduced industry-leading automatic threading machines and automatic twisting machines to build intelligent production workshops for pretreatment, saving labor costs by 80% and improving efficiency by 700.

In recent years, Shenghong Group has saved 15 million yuan per year through the implementation of manufacturing "internet plus", machine substitution and Internet of Things technology. A production line can save 127 people, reduce the labor rate by 34%, increase the unit yield of personnel by 29.8, and increase the production capacity by 33%.

In addition to Hengli and Shenghong, many small and medium-sized enterprises in the textile industry have also begun to use more intelligent equipment and data management in some aspects of production and operation to improve efficiency and reduce employment.

At the same time, the blue book points out that the impact of technological innovation on employment has "substitution effect" and "creation effect", and the two effects are superimposed in China's human resources market. The new technological revolution will adjust and optimize the job demand structure of the human resources market, alleviate the problem of excessive demand for general workers to a certain extent, and create more and more matching employment opportunities for college graduates, but at the same time, it also puts forward higher requirements for human capital. If the reform of higher education and vocational education can not be followed up in time, the contradiction between technical unemployment and the shortage of high-level talents will exist at the same time, and the contradiction of skill structure will be further intensified.

Ms. Shen, manager of Jiangsu Guotai Yida Industrial Co., Ltd., said that with the transformation of the company's business in recent years, enterprises need compound talents with both textile professional background and foreign language or foreign trade, management and computer. In order to meet the needs, a long-term talent transfer plan has been concluded with Suzhou University.

According to Pan Aihua, deputy secretary of the Party Committee and deputy dean of the School of Textile and Clothing Engineering of Soochow University, in recent years, in order to meet the needs of the transformation and upgrading of the textile industry, the college has adjusted its talent training strategy in a timely manner, and has integrated engineering practice and innovation ability training throughout the entire process of talent training. Relying on high-level teaching and research platforms such as national key disciplines, national experimental teaching demonstration centers, national virtual simulation experimental teaching centers, and experimental teaching centers, and experimental teaching centers, form a set of training system for high-quality textile engineering talents with innovative thinking and practical ability.

Pay close attention to the impact of external risks on employment.

The blue book points out that it is necessary to seize the opportunity of new economic development, vigorously develop new industries and new business type, develop a large number of high-quality jobs that adapt to the employment orientation of the new generation of labor force, and promote the high-quality development of employment and economy. at the same time, it is necessary to avoid the risk of unemployment caused by the instability in the development of new industries and new business type. For this, the advantages of the textile industry as a livelihood industry are still obvious.

As an important livelihood sector, the textile industry has created a large number of jobs. At present, more than 20 million people are employed in the whole industry. In 2015, 9.462 million people were employed in enterprises above designated size, accounting for 10% of the national industries above designated size. Most of the employees in the textile industry are rural migrant workers, and the whole industry provides more than 1000 million jobs and hundreds of billions of yuan in cash income for rural migrant workers every year.

The blue book also suggests that the anti-risk ability of traditional industries is essential to stabilize employment. The direct impact of trade frictions on foreign trade production and operation enterprises may cause some enterprises to have operational difficulties in the short term and reduce jobs; the continuous development of economic and trade frictions may lead to the adjustment of supply chains on a global scale, and some related enterprises may rearrange production lines. This will have a deeper impact on my country's employment growth and employment structure adjustment in a longer period of time.

Statistics show that the total number of employment in China's industrial sector has dropped from 99.772 million at its peak in December 2014 to 80.585 million in August 2018. Employment in technology industries, traditional advantageous industries and other manufacturing sectors has also declined to varying degrees. Labor-intensive traditional advantageous industries have the largest decline. A person from the Academy of Social Sciences said that this process actually occurred before the Sino-US economic and trade friction, so the decline in employment in China's industrial sector stems from the superposition of many factors. However, in terms of trends, the decline in 2018 has accelerated compared to 2015~2017, which is related to the negative impact of Sino-US trade frictions.

According to the analysis of relevant persons from the Academy of Social Sciences, more than 30% of China's exports to the United States are concentrated in traditional labor-intensive industries such as toys, furniture, textiles and clothing, leather products, and electrical equipment manufacturing. Foreign trade processing enterprises have almost no resistance to trade policy fluctuations. ability. Moreover, due to the rising cost of land, labor and other factors, the processing trade with the OEM system as the main method is in a state of "squeezing up and down" in the international industrial chain, and the resulting industrial migration may lead to a decline in the employment rate of some industries with high dependence.

Ji Xiaofeng, secretary-general of the China Textile and Apparel Education Association, said in an interview with a reporter from China Textile News that external risks such as changes in the trade situation may have an impact on the employment of some general textile workers, but from the perspective of the distribution of colleges and universities, 2018 has not occurred. Significant fluctuations. At present, the demand for talents in technology and management in the industry is still urgent.